Being told that your prostate MRI scan is abnormal can be worrying, especially if you were already concerned about a raised PSA result. It is easy to assume that an abnormal scan automatically means prostate cancer, but the result is usually more complicated than that.
A prostate MRI can show areas that look unusual for several reasons, and the scan itself does not always provide a final diagnosis. MRI findings are assessed using the appearance of the prostate together with your PSA, prostate size, examination findings, previous test results, family history, and other clinical information.
Depending on the result, your specialist may recommend a prostate biopsy, further review, PSA monitoring, repeat imaging, or another investigation. Understanding what the MRI has shown and why a particular next step is being advised can make the waiting period easier to manage.
What Does an Abnormal Prostate MRI Mean?
An abnormal prostate MRI means that the radiologist has identified one or more findings that deserve clinical attention. The word “abnormal” is broad and does not by itself tell you whether cancer is present.
The scan may show a suspicious lesion, prostate enlargement, inflammation, changes that appear benign, or findings involving tissues close to the prostate. MRI reports are interpreted using structured assessment systems and specialist radiological judgement.
Your specialist will therefore need to explain what type of abnormality has been identified. The significance of a suspicious focal lesion is different from that of a generally enlarged prostate, so the detail of the report matters.
Why an Abnormal MRI Does Not Confirm Cancer
MRI is an imaging investigation rather than a microscopic examination of prostate cells. It can identify patterns that appear suspicious, but it cannot always confirm exactly what type of cells are causing the abnormal appearance.
Some non-cancerous prostate changes can appear unusual on MRI, while some cancers may be difficult to see clearly. Cancer Research UK explains that MRI findings help estimate the level of suspicion and decide whether further investigations such as biopsy may be needed.
This is why your doctor should not diagnose prostate cancer from the word “abnormal” alone. When tissue confirmation is needed, a biopsy allows prostate samples to be examined under a microscope.
Understanding the MRI Report
A prostate MRI report can contain technical terms that are difficult to understand without explanation. You may see references to lesions, prostate zones, prostate volume, capsule contact, diffusion restriction, or other imaging characteristics.
The report may also include a Likert or PI-RADS score, usually on a scale from 1 to 5. These scoring systems help describe how suspicious an area appears for clinically significant prostate cancer.
Try not to interpret individual technical phrases without discussing the full report with your specialist. A finding that sounds alarming in isolation may have a different significance when the entire MRI and your other test results are considered together.
What Does a PI-RADS or Likert Score Mean?
PI-RADS and Likert are both five-point MRI assessment systems used to describe the level of suspicion for clinically significant prostate cancer. Although they serve a similar clinical purpose, they are distinct reporting systems, and the terminology used may depend on the reporting pathway and local practice. Lower scores are generally less suspicious, while higher scores indicate increasing concern that clinically significant cancer may be present.
A score does not tell you with certainty whether cancer exists. It helps your specialist decide whether monitoring, biopsy, or another next step is appropriate.
The score should be understood alongside your PSA and other risk factors. NICE guidance supports using MRI within a broader diagnostic pathway rather than treating the scan as a stand-alone diagnosis.
How Prostate MRI Suspicion Scores Are Generally Interpreted
| MRI assessment | General meaning | Possible next step |
| Score 1 | Very low imaging suspicion | Monitoring or biopsy discussion based on overall risk |
| Score 2 | Low imaging suspicion | Biopsy may sometimes be omitted after shared decision-making |
| Score 3 | Uncertain or equivocal finding | PSA density and other risk factors become especially important |
| Score 4 | High suspicion | Biopsy is commonly recommended |
| Score 5 | Very high suspicion | Biopsy and further assessment are usually discussed promptly |
Evidence Note:
A systematic review and meta-analysis of PI-RADS version 2.1 found that the likelihood of clinically significant prostate cancer increased progressively with higher categories. On lesion-level analysis, pooled clinically significant cancer detection rates were approximately 2% for PI-RADS 1, 4% for PI-RADS 2, 20% for PI-RADS 3, 52% for PI-RADS 4 and 89% for PI-RADS 5. These are population-level estimates rather than predictions for an individual patient, and the review also found substantial variation between studies. For you, this means the MRI score is an important risk indicator, but it should still be interpreted alongside PSA density, clinical history and biopsy findings when appropriate.
What Does a Low-Suspicion MRI Finding Mean?
A low-suspicion MRI finding means the scan has not shown strong imaging features of clinically significant prostate cancer. This can be reassuring, particularly when PSA density and other clinical information are also favourable.
NICE guidance allows biopsy to be omitted in selected people with a Likert score of 1 or 2 after discussion of the individual risks and benefits and shared decision-making. The risks and benefits of biopsy avoidance should therefore be discussed with you personally.
A low-suspicion scan does not mean that you should ignore future PSA monitoring. Your specialist may still recommend repeat blood tests and reassessment if the PSA pattern changes.
UK Guidance Note:
NICE recommends offering multiparametric MRI as the first-line investigation for people with suspected clinically localised prostate cancer. For a Likert score of 1 or 2, biopsy may be omitted after discussing the individual benefits and risks and reaching a shared decision. However, NICE also emphasises that a low-suspicion MRI does not completely exclude clinically significant cancer. Its patient discussion information states that, depending on the definition used, between 11 and 28 out of 100 people with a low-risk MRI may still have clinically significant cancer. This is why your wider risk factors and follow-up plan remain important even after a reassuring MRI.
What Does an Intermediate MRI Finding Mean?
An intermediate or uncertain MRI result may be more difficult to interpret. The scan has identified something that is not clearly benign, but it may not have the strongest features of clinically significant cancer.
In this situation, your specialist may place greater importance on PSA density, PSA trend, prostate size, age, family history, previous biopsy findings, and other risk factors. The decision about biopsy can therefore be highly individual.
You may feel frustrated that the scan has not given you a simple answer. However, uncertainty does not mean nothing can be done; it means your specialist needs to combine several pieces of information before recommending the safest next step.
What Does a High-Suspicion MRI Finding Mean?
A high-suspicion MRI finding means that the radiologist has seen features associated with a greater likelihood of clinically significant prostate cancer. This commonly leads to discussion of a prostate biopsy.
Even a highly suspicious scan does not provide the same information as tissue examination. A biopsy may still be required to determine whether cancer cells are present and, if they are, how aggressive they appear.
Try not to treat a high MRI score as the final result of your diagnostic journey. The scan identifies concern, while biopsy and other clinical information help establish the diagnosis and guide further decisions.
Could an Abnormal MRI Be Caused by Benign Prostate Enlargement?
The prostate commonly becomes larger with age, and benign enlargement can affect prostate structure and urinary symptoms. Enlargement itself is not the same as prostate cancer.
MRI can show the size and internal structure of the gland, allowing specialists to consider whether changes may relate to benign enlargement. Your prostate volume can also be used when calculating PSA density, which may influence how your PSA is interpreted.
This is one reason the relationship between PSA and prostate size matters. A particular PSA value may be viewed differently in a very large prostate compared with a much smaller gland.
Can Prostate Inflammation Affect MRI Findings?
Inflammation of the prostate can sometimes create changes that appear abnormal on imaging. This is one reason MRI findings need specialist interpretation and cannot always provide a definitive cancer diagnosis by themselves.
Your doctor may consider symptoms, urine findings, previous infections, PSA pattern, and MRI appearance when assessing whether inflammation could be contributing. The overall clinical context helps determine whether further investigation is still needed.
You should tell your specialist about recent urinary infections, pelvic discomfort, painful urination, fever, or other relevant symptoms. These details may help when interpreting the scan alongside your other test results.
Why Your PSA Result Still Matters
An MRI scan gives detailed anatomical information, but your PSA result remains an important part of the assessment. The scan and PSA answer different questions and are usually interpreted together.
A concerning PSA pattern may justify further investigation even when an MRI is less suspicious. Some NHS diagnostic pathways also consider biopsy despite a negative MRI when PSA density remains raised.
Likewise, one abnormal PSA result should not be interpreted without considering other factors. Your specialist will look at the overall pattern rather than relying on one number or one scan alone.
What Is PSA Density?
PSA density compares the amount of PSA in your blood with the volume of your prostate. It can provide additional context because larger prostates may naturally produce more PSA.
Your MRI can help estimate prostate volume, which is then used with the PSA result in the calculation. PSA density may be particularly useful when deciding whether biopsy is appropriate after an uncertain or low-suspicion scan.
Your specialist can explain how your PSA density affects the recommendation in your case. It should not be interpreted separately from the MRI, PSA trend, and other clinical factors.
Clinical Tip: PSA Density Can Change the Meaning of an MRI Result
PSA density is calculated by comparing your PSA level with prostate volume. NICE gives a PSA density greater than 0.15 ng/ml/ml as one example of a factor that may support further biopsy consideration after a low-suspicion MRI, particularly when clinical suspicion remains strong. However, the threshold should not be treated as an automatic rule in isolation. Your age, family history, PSA trend, MRI appearance, previous biopsy findings and other health factors also matter.
Why PSA Trends Are Important
Your PSA level over time can sometimes provide more useful context than a single isolated result. A stable PSA pattern may be interpreted differently from a value that is continuing to increase.
MRI provides detailed information about the prostate at the time of the scan, while repeated PSA tests show how one blood marker changes over time. Your doctor may use both types of information when deciding whether further investigation is appropriate.
This is why ongoing monitoring can remain important after an MRI. Even when immediate biopsy is not recommended, a future PSA change may lead to repeat assessment.
Will You Need a Biopsy After an Abnormal MRI?
Many men with a suspicious prostate MRI are advised to have a biopsy. The biopsy allows small prostate tissue samples to be examined under a microscope for cancer cells.
The decision depends on how suspicious the MRI appears and how the scan fits with your overall risk. Your PSA, PSA density, age, family history, previous investigations, and other findings may influence the recommendation.
Your specialist should explain why biopsy is or is not being advised. You should understand what information the biopsy is expected to provide and how the result could affect future decisions.
How MRI Helps Target the Biopsy
One important advantage of having MRI before biopsy is that the scan can show where a suspicious area is located. This information can help guide tissue sampling towards the part of the prostate that needs closer investigation.
Targeted sampling may be combined with additional samples from other parts of the prostate, depending on the biopsy approach and your clinical situation. The aim is to obtain enough useful tissue to make an accurate assessment.
Your doctor should explain how the MRI findings will be used during the biopsy. Knowing that the scan is helping guide the next test can make the sequence of investigations easier to understand.
Research Insight:
The PRECISION randomised trial helped establish the value of an MRI-first diagnostic pathway. Clinically significant cancer was detected in 38% of men assigned to the MRI-targeted pathway compared with 26% of men assigned to standard systematic biopsy. The study also showed that MRI could help some men avoid immediate biopsy while improving detection of cancers that were more likely to require treatment. For patients, the important message is that MRI does more than identify whether something looks unusual; it can help determine who needs biopsy and guide tissue sampling towards suspicious areas.
What Is a Transperineal Prostate Biopsy?
A transperineal biopsy takes prostate tissue through the skin between the scrotum and anus. A thin needle is used to collect small samples that are then sent to the laboratory for examination.
MRI findings can help the clinical team target suspicious areas during the biopsy process. The exact technique, anaesthetic approach, and number of samples depend on your individual pathway.
Before the procedure, your team should explain preparation, possible side effects, and what recovery may involve. Ask when you can expect the results and who will discuss them with you.
What Can a Biopsy Tell You That MRI Cannot?
MRI can estimate how suspicious an area looks, but biopsy provides actual tissue for microscopic examination. This is a fundamental difference between the two tests.
If cancer is found, the biopsy can give information about how aggressive the cancer appears. Prostate Cancer UK explains that biopsy results can show whether cancer is present and provide grading information that helps assess its behaviour.
This information can then be combined with PSA, MRI findings, examination results, and other investigations. Together, they help your specialist discuss appropriate treatment or monitoring options.
What Happens If the Biopsy Does Not Find Cancer?
A negative biopsy can be reassuring, but your specialist still needs to consider whether it adequately explains the abnormal MRI finding. The next step depends on the original level of imaging concern and your wider clinical risk.
You may be advised to continue PSA monitoring and attend follow-up appointments. In selected circumstances, specialist MRI review, repeat imaging, or further biopsy may be considered if concern remains.
A negative biopsy following a suspicious MRI should be accompanied by an appropriate follow-up plan based on the original MRI findings, PSA pattern and overall clinical risk. Ask what will be monitored and what kind of future change would lead to another investigation.
Follow-Up Insight:
A negative biopsy after a suspicious MRI should not automatically be treated as the end of the pathway. In a prospective study of men with PI-RADS 4 or 5 abnormalities but no clinically significant cancer found on initial biopsy, researchers supported early repeat MRI and repeat biopsy of persistent suspicious lesions. This does not mean every negative biopsy needs immediate repetition. It means that the original MRI suspicion, PSA pattern and whether the lesion remains suspicious should guide follow-up.
Can an Abnormal MRI Be Monitored Without Immediate Biopsy?
In selected circumstances, your specialist may recommend monitoring rather than immediate biopsy. This is more likely when MRI suspicion and the wider clinical risk are sufficiently low.
NICE guidance recognises that biopsy may sometimes be omitted following low-suspicion MRI findings, but the small possibility of missed significant cancer should be discussed.
Monitoring may involve repeat PSA testing and reassessment over time. The important point is that monitoring should be structured, with a clear plan for when further testing would be reconsidered.
UK Research Insight:
Recent UK evidence provides reassurance that carefully selected men can be monitored within structured MRI-led pathways. In the RAPID pathway study, five-year follow-up showed that around four in ten men in the original cohort remained biopsy-free, while among those discharged from the pathway only about one in 13 was later diagnosed with Grade Group 2 or higher prostate cancer and around one in 20 required cancer treatment. No metastases or prostate cancer-related deaths occurred during the reported follow-up. These results apply to a specialist, structured pathway and should not be interpreted as suggesting that anyone with an abnormal MRI can simply avoid biopsy.
Could You Need a Repeat MRI?
A repeat prostate MRI may sometimes be recommended if your clinical situation changes or uncertainty remains. The decision depends on the original findings, PSA pattern, previous biopsy results, and your overall risk.
Repeat imaging allows specialists to compare appearances over time. A stable finding may be managed differently from one that changes in size or imaging characteristics.
You should not assume that every abnormal scan needs frequent repeat MRI. Your specialist will decide whether repeat imaging adds useful information in your particular situation.
What If the MRI Suggests Cancer Outside the Prostate?
MRI may sometimes raise concern that an abnormal area extends beyond the edge of the prostate or involves nearby structures. This information can affect what further assessment and treatment planning are needed.
A concerning imaging appearance does not always provide every detail required for staging. Depending on the findings and diagnosis, your specialist may recommend other scans or investigations before discussing treatment.
NHS guidance explains that additional imaging such as CT, MRI, PET, or bone scanning may be used in selected patients to help the specialist team decide on appropriate management.
Will You Need Other Scans?
Not everyone with an abnormal prostate MRI needs additional body scans. Further imaging is generally based on whether cancer is diagnosed and what the clinical team needs to know about its possible extent.
Your specialist may recommend further investigations when they could change treatment planning. The type of scan used depends on your individual clinical situation.
Do not assume that being referred for another scan automatically means the cancer has spread. Additional imaging can be part of careful staging and treatment planning when more information is needed.
How Long Will It Take to Get a Clear Diagnosis?
The time between an abnormal MRI result and a final diagnosis can feel longer than expected. You may need a consultation, biopsy appointment, laboratory analysis, and a follow-up discussion before the full picture is clear.
During this period, try to make sure you understand the sequence rather than focusing only on the final result. Knowing which test comes next and when you are likely to hear back can make uncertainty easier to manage.
Contact your clinical team if you have not received information within the timeframe they gave you. It is reasonable to ask when results are expected and how they will be communicated.
What Happens When the Biopsy Confirms Cancer?
If the biopsy confirms prostate cancer, your specialist will review the tissue findings alongside your MRI, PSA, clinical assessment, and any other investigations. The biopsy result can provide information about how aggressive the cancer appears.
The next discussion may involve treatment options or, for selected lower-risk cancers, monitoring approaches. The recommendation depends on the characteristics of the cancer and your personal health and priorities.
You should have time to understand the diagnosis before making major treatment decisions. Ask what the grade, stage, and risk assessment mean specifically for you.
Does Every Prostate Cancer Need Immediate Treatment?
Not every diagnosed prostate cancer is managed in the same way. Some cancers are more likely to grow slowly, while others have features that make active treatment more appropriate.
Your treatment recommendation should be based on the cancer characteristics and your individual situation. NICE guidance covers several management approaches according to disease risk and clinical circumstances.
This is another reason an abnormal MRI should not lead you to conclusions about treatment before the diagnostic pathway is complete. The MRI is one part of the process rather than the whole answer.
Why Specialist Interpretation Matters
Prostate MRI is a detailed imaging examination, and the quality of interpretation matters. Radiologists use structured systems together with their specialist judgement when reporting suspicious areas.
NICE highlights the role of multiparametric MRI in identifying lesions before biopsy and using MRI findings within the wider diagnostic pathway.
In difficult cases, imaging may also be reviewed alongside clinical findings and pathology results. A coordinated approach can be valuable when test results appear uncertain or do not immediately fit together.
Choosing Specialist Prostate MRI Assessment
A prostate MRI result is most useful when the scan is linked to specialist interpretation and a clear clinical plan. Receiving an abnormal report without understanding the next step can create unnecessary anxiety.
If you are considering specialist assessment with a prostate MRI scan in London, ask how abnormal findings will be interpreted alongside your PSA, prostate volume, previous investigations, and personal risk factors. A clear discussion can help you understand whether biopsy, monitoring, or further assessment is appropriate.
You should also know who will explain the findings and coordinate the next stage. Good communication between imaging and urology teams can make a complex diagnostic pathway much easier for you to follow.
Managing Anxiety While Waiting for Further Tests
Waiting after an abnormal MRI can be emotionally difficult because you may have information suggesting concern without yet having a final diagnosis. It is natural for your mind to imagine the worst possible outcome.
Try to remember that an abnormal scan still needs interpretation in context, and suspicious MRI findings may require tissue confirmation before prostate cancer can be diagnosed. MRI scoring systems are designed to estimate suspicion and guide further investigation rather than provide a complete diagnosis alone.
Focus on the next confirmed step in your pathway rather than trying to predict every possible outcome. Make a note of your questions, keep your appointments, and ask your specialist to explain both what the scan has shown and why the recommended investigation is the most appropriate next step.
Myth vs Fact:
| Myth | Fact |
| An abnormal MRI means you definitely have prostate cancer. | Benign enlargement, inflammation and other changes can also produce abnormal appearances. |
| A high PI-RADS score is the same as a cancer diagnosis. | A higher score increases suspicion, but tissue diagnosis may still be needed. |
| A low-suspicion MRI means cancer is impossible. | MRI can miss some clinically significant cancers, so overall risk and follow-up still matter. |
| Everyone with an abnormal MRI needs exactly the same biopsy pathway. | Decisions depend on MRI suspicion, PSA density, PSA trend, previous biopsy history and other risk factors. |
| A negative biopsy always ends the investigation. | Persistent MRI abnormalities or ongoing clinical concern may lead to repeat imaging or further assessment. |
| PSA no longer matters once you have had MRI. | PSA and PSA density remain important parts of risk assessment. |
| Another scan automatically means cancer has spread. | Additional imaging may be requested for clarification or staging and does not by itself prove spread. |
Key Takeaways:
- An abnormal prostate MRI does not automatically mean you have prostate cancer.
- MRI findings need to be interpreted alongside PSA, PSA density, prostate volume, PSA trend, family history and previous investigations.
- Higher MRI suspicion scores are associated with a greater likelihood of clinically significant prostate cancer, but MRI alone does not provide microscopic confirmation.
- NICE recommends an MRI-first pathway for suspected clinically localised prostate cancer.
- People with a Likert score of 3 or more are generally offered MRI-influenced biopsy under NICE guidance.
- Biopsy may sometimes be omitted after a Likert score of 1 or 2, but only after discussing the risks and benefits and agreeing on appropriate follow-up.
- MRI can help direct biopsy samples towards suspicious areas.
- Benign prostate enlargement and inflammation can sometimes contribute to abnormal MRI appearances.
- A negative biopsy after a suspicious scan should come with a clear follow-up plan.
- The next step after an abnormal MRI should be based on the whole clinical picture rather than the word “abnormal” alone.
FAQs:
1. Does an abnormal prostate MRI mean you have prostate cancer?
No. An abnormal prostate MRI does not automatically mean you have prostate cancer. The scan may show changes caused by several factors, including benign prostate enlargement, inflammation, or areas that simply need further assessment. Your specialist will consider the MRI findings alongside your PSA level, prostate size, medical history and other risk factors before recommending the next step.
2. What happens after an abnormal prostate MRI?
The next step depends on what the MRI has shown and your overall risk profile. Your specialist may recommend a prostate biopsy, further monitoring, repeat imaging, or additional investigations. The aim is to gather enough information to understand whether the MRI finding needs further action.
3. What does a PI-RADS score mean on a prostate MRI report?
A PI-RADS score is a five-point system used to describe how suspicious an area appears on a prostate MRI. Lower scores generally suggest a lower likelihood of clinically significant prostate cancer, while higher scores indicate greater concern. The score helps your specialist decide whether further investigation, such as a biopsy, may be needed.
4. Will you need a biopsy after an abnormal prostate MRI?
Not everyone with an abnormal MRI will need a biopsy. The decision depends on factors such as your MRI score, PSA level, PSA density, prostate size, family history and previous test results. Your specialist will explain whether a biopsy is recommended and why it may be helpful in your situation.
5. Can a prostate MRI be abnormal because of an enlarged prostate?
Yes. Benign prostate enlargement is common as you get older and can affect how the prostate appears on MRI. An enlarged prostate does not mean you have cancer, but your specialist may use information such as prostate volume and PSA density to help interpret your results.
6. Can inflammation affect prostate MRI results?
Yes. Prostate inflammation can sometimes contribute to MRI changes that appear suspicious or unusual. Your specialist will consider symptoms such as urinary problems, discomfort, recent infections and PSA changes when assessing whether inflammation could be contributing to the scan findings.
7. What can a prostate biopsy show that an MRI cannot?
A prostate MRI can identify areas that look suspicious, but it cannot confirm the exact type of cells present. A biopsy collects small tissue samples that can be examined under a microscope to determine whether cancer cells are present and provide information about how aggressive any cancer may be.
8. Can you have an abnormal MRI but a negative biopsy?
Yes. An abnormal MRI does not always lead to a cancer diagnosis. If a biopsy does not find cancer, your specialist will consider the MRI findings, PSA pattern and overall risk before deciding whether you need monitoring, repeat imaging or further assessment.
9. How long does it take to get a diagnosis after an abnormal prostate MRI?
The timeline varies depending on the investigations you need. You may need a specialist appointment, biopsy, laboratory analysis and a follow-up consultation before the full picture is clear. Your clinical team should explain the expected timeline and when you are likely to receive your results.
10. What questions should you ask your doctor after an abnormal prostate MRI?
It can help to ask what the MRI has shown, how suspicious the finding appears, what your PI-RADS or Likert score means, and why a particular next step has been recommended. You may also want to ask whether your PSA density, prostate size and other risk factors affect the decision about biopsy or monitoring. Understanding the plan can help you feel more prepared during the next stage of assessment.
Final Thought: Moving Forward After an Abnormal MRI Result
An abnormal prostate MRI result can feel worrying, but it is important to remember that the scan is only one part of the diagnostic process. An unusual finding does not automatically mean you have prostate cancer, and your specialist will consider your MRI results alongside your PSA level, prostate size, medical history, and other risk factors before recommending the next step.
Whether you need a biopsy, further monitoring, repeat imaging, or another investigation, understanding why a particular pathway has been suggested can help you feel more in control. Asking questions and having your results explained clearly can make the process easier to navigate.
If you are seeking expert guidance after an abnormal result or want to understand more about having a specialist prostate MRI scan in London, a detailed assessment can help you understand your findings and the most appropriate next steps for your individual situation.
References:
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2019) ‘Prostate cancer: diagnosis and management’, NICE Guideline NG131. Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng131
- Kasivisvanathan, V. et al. (2018) ‘MRI-Targeted or Standard Biopsy for Prostate-Cancer Diagnosis’, New England Journal of Medicine, 378, pp. 1767–1777. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29552975/
- Oerther, B. et al. (2022) ‘Cancer detection rates of the PI-RADSv2.1 assessment categories: systematic review and meta-analysis on lesion level and patient level’, Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34230616/
- Ng, C.P.Y. et al. (2025) ‘Five-year Outcomes for Men after Negative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or Negative Biopsy in the RAPID MRI-directed Prostate Cancer Diagnostic Pathway’, European Urology. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0302283825047785
- Ahmed, H.U. et al. (2017) ‘Diagnostic accuracy of multi-parametric MRI and TRUS biopsy in prostate cancer (PROMIS): a paired validating confirmatory study’, The Lancet, 389, pp. 815–822. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28110982/