Yes, exercise can help support your prostate health, but it is important to understand what that really means. Exercise is not a guaranteed way to prevent prostate cancer, cure BPH, or replace medical treatment. However, it can support many aspects of your overall health that may influence how you feel and function over time.
Regular physical activity can help you maintain a healthy weight, improve heart health, support blood sugar control, boost energy levels, improve sleep, and support your mood. These benefits may not target the prostate directly, but they can contribute to better long-term wellbeing. If you are managing prostate symptoms or thinking about prevention, these wider health benefits matter.
If you are worried about prostate symptoms, a raised PSA, BPH, or prostate cancer risk, exercise can be part of a sensible health plan. It works best alongside a balanced diet, healthy weight management, reduced alcohol, sensible caffeine intake, and proper medical assessment when needed. Prostate Cancer UK also notes that while it is not known for certain whether physical activity can slow prostate cancer growth, it is important for overall health and can help you stay at a healthy weight.
So, the simple answer is this: exercise may not solve every prostate problem, but it can support your body in ways that are genuinely useful. When combined with healthy lifestyle habits and appropriate medical care, it can play an important role in looking after your long-term health.
Why Exercise Matters for Prostate Health
Exercise supports your prostate health mainly through its effect on your overall health. Your prostate does not work separately from the rest of your body. Factors such as weight, inflammation, blood circulation, hormones, insulin resistance, sleep quality, and general fitness can all influence how healthy you feel as you get older.
Regular movement can help you manage many of these factors. Whether it is walking, cycling, swimming, strength training, or another form of activity, staying active can support your physical and mental wellbeing. Small amounts of consistent exercise can often be more beneficial than occasional intense workouts.
Exercise can also help you feel more in control if you are dealing with urinary symptoms, concerns about prostate cancer, or recovery after treatment. This matters because prostate health is not only about PSA results or medical tests. It is also about your confidence, comfort, energy levels, and overall quality of life.
Exercise and Healthy Weight
Maintaining a healthy weight is one of the most important reasons exercise matters. Carrying excess weight can affect your general health and may be linked with a higher risk of more aggressive prostate cancer. Mayo Clinic notes that people who are obese may have a higher risk of prostate cancer.
Mayo Clinic also recommends weight control through fewer calories, more exercise, and healthy foods such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. This does not mean weight is the only factor in prostate health. Men at a healthy weight can still develop prostate problems, and men with excess weight should not feel blamed.
However, if you are overweight, gradual weight loss through realistic lifestyle changes may support your overall health. Regular exercise, balanced eating, and small sustainable changes can be more helpful than extreme plans. Over time, this may also help reduce some prostate-related risks and improve your overall wellbeing.
Exercise and Prostate Cancer Risk
Exercise may help reduce some health risks, but the evidence around prostate cancer specifically is not always simple. Some studies suggest that better fitness and a healthy weight may be linked with a lower risk of aggressive prostate cancer. However, other findings are more mixed, so it is important not to overstate the benefit.
This is why it is better to avoid saying exercise “prevents prostate cancer”. A more accurate way to understand it is that exercise supports a healthier body, helps with weight control, and may help reduce the risk of more serious disease patterns in some men. That still makes exercise a valuable part of your long-term health plan.
For you, the benefit is that exercise gives you something practical and positive to do. It can support your body without pretending to be a complete shield against cancer. Regular movement, combined with healthy eating and proper medical checks, can help you take a more balanced approach to prostate health.
Exercise and BPH Symptoms
BPH, or Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate. It can cause urinary symptoms such as weak flow, frequent urination, urgency, night-time urination, and feeling that the bladder has not emptied properly.
Exercise does not usually shrink an enlarged prostate by itself. However, being active may support weight control, reduce constipation, improve sleep, and support better bladder habits. These things can make urinary symptoms feel easier to manage for some men.
For BPH symptoms, lifestyle changes may also include limiting drinks before bedtime or outings and reducing alcohol or caffeine, because these can increase how often you need to urinate. NIDDK gives this advice for men dealing with enlarged prostate symptoms.
Exercise and Night-Time Urination
Waking at night to pass urine can seriously affect your sleep. If BPH or bladder symptoms are waking you up, exercise may help indirectly by supporting weight, sleep quality, and general health. Better overall health can sometimes make urinary symptoms easier to manage.
However, exercise is not the only factor that affects night-time urination. Evening fluid intake, caffeine, alcohol, diabetes, sleep apnoea, some medicines, and heart conditions can also play a role. This is why it is important to look at the full picture rather than focusing on one habit.
If you wake several times every night, do not assume exercise alone will fix it. Use exercise as part of a wider health plan, but speak to a doctor if symptoms continue. Getting assessed can help you understand the cause and find the right way to manage it.
Exercise and Constipation
Constipation can make urinary symptoms worse. A full bowel can press on the bladder and make you feel you need to urinate more often. It can also make bladder emptying feel more uncomfortable. Regular physical activity can help bowel movement and digestion.
Walking, stretching, gentle gym work, swimming, and regular daily movement can all help keep the body moving. This can be especially useful if you sit for long hours. If constipation is severe, painful, new, or persistent, you should also speak to a doctor or pharmacist.
How Much Exercise Should You Aim For?
You do not need to become an athlete to support your health. The NHS advises adults to be physically active every day if possible, aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity a week or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity activity a week, and include strengthening activities for major muscle groups on at least two days each week.
For many people, this could simply mean brisk walking for around 30 minutes on five days a week. It could also include cycling, swimming, dancing, gym workouts, tennis, gardening, or any activity that gets your body moving and raises your heart rate.
The most important thing is consistency. The best exercise is the one you can realistically fit into your routine and continue long term. Even small amounts of regular activity can support your overall health, energy levels, weight management, and long-term wellbeing.
Start Slowly If You Are Not Active
If you have not exercised for a long time, it is best to start gently. You do not need to jump straight into intense workouts or long training sessions. A short daily walk can be an excellent place to begin.
As your fitness improves, you can gradually increase your time, pace, or distance. Small, consistent improvements are often more effective than trying to do too much too soon. Building exercise into your routine slowly can make it easier to maintain in the long term.
The NHS advises speaking to your GP first if you have not exercised for some time or if you have medical conditions or concerns. This is especially important if you have heart problems, chest pain, dizziness, severe breathlessness, joint issues, recent surgery, cancer treatment, or other health conditions. Safe progress is always better than pushing too hard and giving up after a week.
Walking for Prostate Health
Walking is one of the easiest forms of exercise. You do not need special equipment, and you can adjust the pace to your fitness level. A brisk walk can support heart health, weight management, mood, blood sugar control, and energy.
If you are new to exercise, start with 10 to 15 minutes and build up gradually. You can walk after meals, during lunch breaks, in the evening, or as part of your commute. The goal is to make movement part of your normal day, not something that feels like a punishment.
Strength Training
Strength training is also important, especially as you get older. It helps maintain muscle, bone strength, balance, metabolism, and independence. You can do strength training with weights, resistance bands, machines, bodyweight exercises, or guided classes.
Examples include squats, wall push-ups, step-ups, rows, light dumbbell exercises, or resistance band work. You do not need to lift heavy weights to benefit. The NHS recommends strengthening activities that work the major muscle groups at least two days a week.
Exercise and Hormonal Health
Exercise can support healthier hormone balance and metabolic health. This matters because weight, insulin resistance, diabetes, and inflammation can all affect overall male health. Exercise can help improve insulin sensitivity, reduce excess body fat, and support cardiovascular health.
These changes may not be visible immediately, but they build up over time. You may notice better energy, improved sleep, more confidence, and better stamina before you notice changes on the scale. That is still progress.
Exercise and Mental Wellbeing
Prostate worries can affect your mental health. A raised PSA, urinary symptoms, prostate cancer diagnosis, or treatment recovery can make you feel anxious or low. Exercise can support mood by reducing stress, improving sleep, and giving you a sense of control.
This does not mean exercise replaces counselling, medication, or medical support when these are needed. But it can be a helpful part of emotional recovery and daily resilience. Even a short walk can help clear your head when you feel overwhelmed.
Exercise After Prostate Cancer Diagnosis
If you have been diagnosed with prostate cancer, exercise may still be helpful, but you should follow your medical team’s advice. Cancer Research UK says there are no specific UK exercise guidelines for men with prostate cancer, but people should try to follow government physical activity guidelines, and exercise is safe, possible, and helpful for many people with cancer or after treatment.
Your exercise plan may depend on your treatment type, symptoms, fatigue, bone health, urinary problems, and general fitness. If you are having hormone therapy, exercise may be especially useful for managing weight, muscle loss, fatigue, and mood. Ask your specialist, nurse, GP, or physiotherapist what is safe for you.
Exercise After Prostate Surgery
After prostate surgery, exercise needs to be gradual. Walking is often encouraged early, but heavy lifting, intense gym work, cycling, running, and abdominal exercises may need to wait until your surgeon says it is safe. Your body needs time to heal internally, even if the skin wounds look small.
You may also be managing a catheter, urinary leakage, fatigue, and pelvic floor recovery. Do not rush back to your old routine too quickly. A safe recovery plan is more useful than proving you can push through discomfort.
Pelvic Floor Exercises
Pelvic floor exercises are different from general exercise, but they are important for many men. They help strengthen the muscles involved in bladder control. Pelvic floor exercises may be recommended after prostate surgery, for urinary leakage, or sometimes for bladder control problems.
They need to be done correctly. Squeezing your stomach, buttocks, or thighs is not the same as working the pelvic floor. If you are unsure, ask a specialist nurse, physiotherapist, or doctor to guide you. Good technique matters more than doing lots of incorrect repetitions.
Exercise and Erectile Function
Exercise can also support erectile function indirectly. Erections depend on healthy blood flow, nerves, hormones, and mental wellbeing. Regular physical activity can help with blood pressure, diabetes risk, heart health, weight, mood, and confidence.
These are all relevant to sexual health. If you have erectile dysfunction, exercise may help as part of a wider plan, but it may not be enough by itself. ED can be linked with diabetes, heart disease, low testosterone, medicines, stress, or prostate treatment side effects. Speak to a doctor if erection problems are persistent or worrying.
Cycling and Prostate Symptoms
Cycling is an excellent form of exercise, but it can sometimes aggravate prostate-related discomfort. Pressure on the perineal area may worsen symptoms in some men or temporarily affect PSA test results. If you experience discomfort while cycling, simple adjustments may help reduce strain.
- Pressure and discomfort: Cycling can place pressure on the area between the genitals and anus, which may worsen pelvic pain, numbness, or urinary symptoms in some men.
- Adjust your setup: Changing your saddle, improving your bike fit, or reducing riding time may help minimise discomfort and improve comfort during cycling.
- Consider alternative activities: If symptoms persist, switching temporarily to walking, swimming, or other low-impact exercise may be beneficial while the cause is being assessed.
- PSA testing considerations: Vigorous cycling may temporarily affect PSA levels. Your doctor may recommend avoiding cycling for a short period before a PSA test.
Cycling remains a healthy activity for most men, but it may contribute to discomfort if prostate symptoms are present. Making small adjustments or trying alternative exercises can often help. If symptoms continue, seek medical advice and follow any recommendations before PSA testing.
Sitting Less During the Day
Even if you exercise, long hours of sitting can affect your overall health. If you work at a desk, try to stand, stretch, or walk for a few minutes every hour. You could take calls standing, walk during breaks, use stairs, or take a short walk after lunch.
These small movement breaks support circulation, energy, posture, and weight management. They can also reduce stiffness and may help if pelvic discomfort is worsened by long sitting. You do not need to make every change at once. Start with one or two movement breaks each day and build from there.
Exercise and Hydration
Hydration matters when you exercise. Some men with urinary symptoms avoid drinking water because they do not want to pass urine often. But becoming dehydrated can make urine more concentrated, which may irritate the bladder.
A sensible approach is to drink enough during the day and adjust timing. If you wake often at night, reduce large drinks close to bedtime. If you exercise, drink enough to replace fluids lost through sweat. Do not use dehydration as a strategy for urinary control.
Exercise and Alcohol
Alcohol can work against your prostate and bladder comfort in several ways. It can increase urine production, worsen urgency, disrupt sleep, and add extra calories. If you are trying to manage weight or night-time urination, reducing alcohol may help.
NIDDK advises reducing or avoiding alcohol and caffeine to decrease how often men with BPH need to urinate. You do not always need to stop completely unless your doctor advises it. But if alcohol clearly worsens symptoms, cutting down is a practical step.
Exercise and Caffeine
Caffeine can make some men feel they need to urinate more often. This may be more noticeable if you already have BPH symptoms or bladder urgency. Drinks such as tea, coffee, cola, and energy drinks can sometimes make symptoms feel worse.
Mayo Clinic advises cutting back on caffeine and alcohol because they can increase the feeling that you need to urinate more often. It also recommends vegetables, fruit, and moderate to vigorous exercise most days of the week for enlarged prostate symptom support.
If you drink several caffeinated drinks daily, try reducing them gradually rather than stopping suddenly. Notice whether your urgency or night-time urination improves. This simple change may make exercise, sleep, and daily life more comfortable.
Best Types of Exercise to Start With
The best exercise is realistic, safe, and repeatable. You do not need to choose one perfect activity or follow a complicated fitness plan. Brisk walking is a good starting point for many men because it is simple and easy to build into daily life.
Swimming can be useful if you have joint pain or prefer lower-impact movement. Cycling may be fine for some men, but if it worsens pelvic discomfort, you should choose another activity. Strength training can also help maintain muscle, metabolism, and general fitness.
Gentle stretching, yoga, or mobility work may support flexibility and stress management. A mix of movement is usually better than relying on one activity alone. The main aim is to find exercises you can do consistently and comfortably.
A Simple Weekly Exercise Plan
A simple plan may work better than a complicated one. You could aim for brisk walking on five days of the week. This gives you regular movement without making exercise feel overwhelming.
You can add two short strength sessions using bodyweight exercises or resistance bands. It also helps to break up long sitting periods with short movement breaks during the day. These small habits can support your fitness, energy, and overall health.
Stretching or mobility work can be added if you feel stiff. This kind of plan is realistic for many men and can be adjusted as your fitness improves. If you have medical conditions, check with your doctor before starting.
Exercise Types and Potential Benefits for Prostate Health
| Exercise Type | Examples | Potential Benefits for Prostate Health | Recommended Frequency |
| Walking | Brisk walking, treadmill walking, outdoor walks | Supports weight management, cardiovascular health, blood sugar control, and overall wellbeing | Most days of the week |
| Strength Training | Resistance bands, weights, bodyweight exercises | Helps maintain muscle mass, bone strength, metabolism, and healthy body composition | At least 2 days per week |
| Swimming | Pool swimming, aqua aerobics | Low-impact exercise that supports fitness while being gentle on joints | 1–3 times per week |
| Cycling | Outdoor cycling, stationary bike | Supports cardiovascular fitness and weight management; may not suit men with pelvic discomfort | According to comfort and fitness level |
| Yoga & Stretching | Yoga, mobility exercises, stretching routines | May improve flexibility, posture, stress management, and overall comfort | Several times per week |
| Recreational Sports | Tennis, badminton, football, golf | Encourages regular movement, fitness, and social wellbeing | Varies by individual |
| Pelvic Floor Exercises | Kegel exercises for men | Supports bladder control and may help with urinary symptoms after prostate treatment | As advised by a healthcare professional |
Exercise If You Are Overweight
If you are overweight, it is best to start with low-impact activities. Walking, swimming, cycling, water aerobics, or gym machines may feel easier on your joints. This can help you stay active without putting too much strain on your body.
You should combine exercise with realistic food changes rather than trying to out-exercise a poor diet. Weight loss may happen slowly, and that is completely fine. The aim is steady progress that you can maintain.
Even before weight changes are obvious, exercise can still improve your blood pressure, blood sugar control, mood, and stamina. These improvements matter because they support your overall health. Small, consistent changes can make a real difference over time.
Exercise If You Have BPH
If you have BPH symptoms, exercise can still be helpful. Choose activities that do not worsen urinary urgency or pelvic discomfort. Walking is often a good option because it is gentle, realistic, and easy to continue.
You may also benefit from reducing evening fluids, caffeine, and alcohol if night-time urination is a problem. These changes can sometimes make urinary symptoms easier to manage. Exercise works best when it is part of a wider routine that supports your overall health.
If you have severe urinary symptoms, frequent infections, blood in the urine, or difficulty passing urine, you should seek medical advice. Exercise can support your health, but it cannot remove a significant urinary blockage on its own. A doctor can help you understand whether BPH treatment or further assessment is needed.
Exercise If You Have Prostatitis or Pelvic Pain
If you have prostatitis or pelvic pain, exercise needs to be chosen carefully. Some men feel better with gentle walking, stretching, swimming, or relaxation-based movement. These activities may support comfort without putting too much pressure on the pelvic area.
However, everyone responds differently. You may find that cycling, heavy lifting, or intense exercise worsens pelvic discomfort. If this happens, it is better to adjust your activity rather than keep pushing through pain.
Listen to your body and speak to a doctor or pelvic health physiotherapist if symptoms persist. Pain after urination, pain after ejaculation, fever, chills, or severe pelvic pain should be medically assessed. You should not keep exercising through pain without understanding the cause.
Exercise If You Have Prostate Cancer
If you have prostate cancer, exercise should be personalised to your situation. Your cancer stage, treatment plan, fatigue level, bone health, surgery recovery, radiotherapy side effects, or hormone therapy may all influence what is safe and appropriate for you. This is why exercise advice should be tailored rather than generic.
Many men can still benefit from staying active during and after treatment. Exercise may help manage fatigue, weight gain, muscle loss, mood changes, and treatment-related weakness. Even gentle activities can support your physical and emotional wellbeing.
If you are receiving hormone therapy, resistance training and weight-bearing exercise may be especially useful for maintaining muscle and bone health. However, you should get advice based on your individual health and treatment plan. Before starting any intense exercise programme, it is sensible to discuss it with your specialist team.
Exercise and PSA Levels
Exercise does not usually cause a long-term major PSA rise. However, vigorous cycling or activities that put pressure on the prostate area may temporarily affect PSA in some men. This is why preparation before a PSA test can matter.
If you are having a PSA test, ask your doctor how to prepare. You may be advised to avoid vigorous exercise, especially cycling, for around 48 hours before the test. This can help reduce the chance of a temporary factor affecting your result.
Always tell your doctor if you had heavy exercise, cycling, infection symptoms, or ejaculation shortly before the blood test. These details can help them interpret your PSA more accurately. If the result is raised, your doctor may consider whether repeat testing is needed.
Exercise Is Not a Replacement for Prostate Checks
This point is very important. Even if you exercise regularly, eat well, and maintain a healthy weight, you can still develop prostate problems. Exercise cannot replace PSA discussions, prostate examinations, urine tests, MRI scans, biopsy, or medical treatment when these are needed.
If you have urinary symptoms, blood in the urine, pelvic pain, a raised PSA, family history, or prostate cancer risk factors, you should speak to a doctor. Good lifestyle habits support health. They do not remove the need for assessment when symptoms appear.
Signs You Should Get Checked
Changes in urination can sometimes be a sign of an underlying health issue. While many symptoms are caused by non-cancerous conditions, it is important not to ignore them if they persist. Getting checked early can help identify the cause and provide reassurance or treatment if needed.
- Changes in urination: A weak flow, difficulty starting, stop-start urination, frequent urination, urgency, night-time urination, dribbling, or feeling that your bladder has not emptied properly should be assessed if they continue.
- Blood, pain, or infections: Blood in the urine, pain when passing urine, pelvic pain, pain after ejaculation, or repeated urinary infections should always be discussed with a healthcare professional.
- Other concerning symptoms: Unexplained weight loss, bone pain, or a sudden inability to pass urine may require more urgent medical attention and should not be ignored.
Persistent urinary symptoms should always be taken seriously. A medical assessment can help determine whether the cause is related to the prostate, bladder, infection, or another condition. Early evaluation often leads to quicker answers and more effective management.
Building Healthy Lifestyle Habits Around Exercise
Exercise works best when it is part of a wider healthy routine. You can combine movement with a balanced diet, healthy weight management, sensible hydration, reduced alcohol, less caffeine if urinary symptoms are present, good sleep, and not smoking. These habits can support your overall wellbeing alongside prostate health.
You do not need to fix everything immediately. Choose one habit and make it manageable, so it feels realistic rather than stressful. Small changes are often easier to maintain than trying to change your whole lifestyle at once.
For example, you could start with a 20-minute walk after dinner, switch one evening drink to water, or do two short strength sessions each week. Confidence builds when habits feel achievable. Once one habit becomes easier, you can add another step gradually.
Speak to Our Specialist
If you are concerned about prostate health, exercise can be a helpful part of your plan, but it should be personalised. You may need advice if you have BPH symptoms, prostatitis, pelvic pain, raised PSA, prostate cancer, recent surgery, or treatment-related fatigue.
A specialist can help you understand what type of activity is safe, what symptoms need checking, and whether you need further prostate assessment. They can also explain how exercise fits with diet, weight, urinary symptoms, PSA testing, and treatment decisions. You do not have to guess what is right for your situation.
FAQs:
1. Can exercise improve prostate health?
Yes, regular exercise can support prostate health by helping you maintain a healthy weight, improve circulation, support hormonal balance, and enhance overall wellbeing. While exercise cannot prevent all prostate conditions, it may help reduce certain risk factors and improve quality of life.
2. What is the best type of exercise for prostate health?
There is no single best exercise. Brisk walking, swimming, strength training, cycling, and other forms of regular physical activity can all be beneficial. The most effective exercise is one that you can perform safely and consistently over the long term.
3. Can exercise reduce the risk of prostate cancer?
Exercise cannot guarantee that you will not develop prostate cancer. However, maintaining a healthy weight and staying physically active may help reduce the risk of more aggressive forms of prostate cancer and support overall health.
4. Can exercise help with an enlarged prostate (BPH)?
Exercise does not usually shrink an enlarged prostate, but it may help manage symptoms indirectly by supporting weight control, improving sleep, reducing constipation, and promoting better bladder health. These factors can make urinary symptoms easier to manage.
5. How much exercise should I aim for each week?
The NHS recommends that adults aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity each week, or 75 minutes of vigorous activity, along with muscle-strengthening exercises on at least two days per week.
6. Is walking good for prostate health?
Yes. Walking is one of the simplest and most accessible forms of exercise. Regular brisk walking can support cardiovascular health, weight management, energy levels, mood, and overall wellbeing, all of which may contribute to better prostate health.
7. Can exercise help after prostate cancer treatment?
For many men, exercise can be beneficial during and after prostate cancer treatment. It may help manage fatigue, maintain muscle strength, support bone health, improve mood, and aid recovery. Always follow advice from your medical team regarding appropriate activity levels.
8. Can cycling affect prostate symptoms or PSA levels?
Cycling is a healthy form of exercise, but prolonged or vigorous cycling may temporarily irritate the prostate area in some men and can occasionally affect PSA test results. If you are scheduled for a PSA test, your doctor may advise avoiding vigorous cycling beforehand.
9. Can exercise help with erectile dysfunction related to prostate problems?
Exercise may help support erectile function by improving blood flow, cardiovascular health, weight management, and overall wellbeing. However, persistent erectile dysfunction should be assessed by a healthcare professional to identify any underlying causes.
10. Can exercise replace prostate screening or medical treatment?
No. Exercise is an important part of a healthy lifestyle, but it cannot replace PSA testing, prostate examinations, MRI scans, biopsies, or medical treatment when these are needed. If you have urinary symptoms, pelvic pain, a raised PSA, or concerns about prostate cancer, you should seek medical advice.
Final Thoughts: Making Exercise Part of Your Prostate Health Plan
Exercise can be a valuable part of supporting your prostate health, but it works best as one element of a broader healthy lifestyle. Regular physical activity can help with weight management, cardiovascular health, sleep quality, mood, and overall wellbeing, all of which may contribute to better long-term prostate health. While exercise cannot prevent every prostate condition or replace medical treatment, it can give you a practical way to take a more active role in looking after your health.
The key is consistency rather than intensity. Whether you choose walking, swimming, strength training, cycling, or another activity you enjoy, building regular movement into your routine can provide lasting benefits. Combined with a balanced diet, healthy weight management, sensible alcohol and caffeine intake, and appropriate medical care, exercise can help support both your physical and emotional wellbeing.
If you have concerns about prostate clinic in London, you can get in touch with us for a consultation. We can help assess your symptoms, discuss your concerns, and provide personalised advice to support your prostate health and overall wellbeing.
References:
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- Campos, C., Sotomayor, P., Jerez, D., González, J., Schmidt, C.B., Schmidt, K., Banzer, W. and Godoy, A.S. (2018) Exercise and Prostate Cancer: From Basic Science to Clinical Applications, The Prostate, 78(9), pp. 639–645. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29569731/
- Capece, M., Creta, M., Calogero, A., La Rocca, R., Napolitano, L., Barone, B., Sica, A., Fusco, F., Santangelo, M. and Dodaro, C. (2020) Does Physical Activity Regulate Prostate Carcinogenesis and Prostate Cancer Outcomes? A Narrative Review, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(4), p. 1441. Available at: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/4/1441
- Segal, R. (2014) Physical Functioning for Prostate Health, Canadian Urological Association Journal, pp. S162–S163. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4145703/
- Champ, C.E., Francis, L. and Klement, R.J. (2016) Fortifying the Treatment of Prostate Cancer with Physical Activity, Journal of Oncology, 2016, Article ID 9462975. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4764749/